Entangling COVID-19 associated thrombosis into a secondary antiphospholipid antibody syndrome: Diagnostic and therapeutic perspectives (Review).
Identifieur interne : 001033 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 001032; suivant : 001034Entangling COVID-19 associated thrombosis into a secondary antiphospholipid antibody syndrome: Diagnostic and therapeutic perspectives (Review).
Auteurs : Eugenio Cavalli [Italie] ; Alessia Bramanti [Italie] ; Rosella Ciurleo [Italie] ; Andrey I. Tchorbanov [Bulgarie] ; Antonio Giordano [États-Unis] ; Paolo Fagone [Italie] ; Cristina Belizna [France] ; Placido Bramanti [Italie] ; Yehuda Shoenfeld [Israël] ; Ferdinando Nicoletti [Italie]Source :
- International journal of molecular medicine [ 1791-244X ] ; 2020.
Descripteurs français
- KwdFr :
- Antiviraux (usage thérapeutique), Betacoronavirus (MeSH), Coagulation intravasculaire disséminée (anatomopathologie), Coagulation intravasculaire disséminée (immunologie), Coagulation sanguine (physiologie), Humains (MeSH), Infections à coronavirus (anatomopathologie), Infections à coronavirus (immunologie), Infections à coronavirus (traitement médicamenteux), Pandémies (MeSH), Phospholipides (immunologie), Pneumopathie virale (anatomopathologie), Pneumopathie virale (immunologie), Pneumopathie virale (traitement médicamenteux), Produits de dégradation de la fibrine et du fibrinogène (métabolisme), Syndrome des anticorps antiphospholipides (anatomopathologie), Syndrome des anticorps antiphospholipides (immunologie), Thromboembolie (anatomopathologie), Thromboembolie (immunologie), Thrombose (anatomopathologie).
- MESH :
- anatomopathologie : Coagulation intravasculaire disséminée, Infections à coronavirus, Pneumopathie virale, Syndrome des anticorps antiphospholipides, Thromboembolie, Thrombose.
- immunologie : Coagulation intravasculaire disséminée, Infections à coronavirus, Phospholipides, Pneumopathie virale, Syndrome des anticorps antiphospholipides, Thromboembolie.
- métabolisme : Produits de dégradation de la fibrine et du fibrinogène.
- physiologie : Coagulation sanguine.
- traitement médicamenteux : Infections à coronavirus, Pneumopathie virale.
- usage thérapeutique : Antiviraux.
- Betacoronavirus, Humains, Pandémies.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Antiphospholipid Syndrome (immunology), Antiphospholipid Syndrome (pathology), Antiviral Agents (therapeutic use), Betacoronavirus (MeSH), Blood Coagulation (physiology), Coronavirus Infections (drug therapy), Coronavirus Infections (immunology), Coronavirus Infections (pathology), Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (immunology), Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (pathology), Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products (metabolism), Humans (MeSH), Pandemics (MeSH), Phospholipids (immunology), Pneumonia, Viral (drug therapy), Pneumonia, Viral (immunology), Pneumonia, Viral (pathology), Thromboembolism (immunology), Thromboembolism (pathology), Thrombosis (pathology).
- MESH :
- chemical , immunology : Phospholipids.
- chemical , metabolism : Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products.
- chemical , therapeutic use : Antiviral Agents.
- drug therapy : Coronavirus Infections, Pneumonia, Viral.
- immunology : Antiphospholipid Syndrome, Coronavirus Infections, Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation, Pneumonia, Viral, Thromboembolism.
- pathology : Antiphospholipid Syndrome, Coronavirus Infections, Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation, Pneumonia, Viral, Thromboembolism, Thrombosis.
- physiology : Blood Coagulation.
- Betacoronavirus, Humans, Pandemics.
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‑CoV‑2) is a novel β coronavirus that is the etiological agent of the pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‑19) that at the time of writing (June 16, 2020) has infected almost 6 million people with some 450,000 deaths. These numbers are still rising daily. Most (some 80%) cases of COVID‑19 infection are asymptomatic, a substantial number of cases (15%) require hospitalization and an additional fraction of patients (5%) need recovery in intensive care units. Mortality for COVID‑19 infection appears to occur globally between 0.1 and 0.5% of infected patients although the frequency of lethality is significantly augmented in the elderly and in patients with other comorbidities. The development of acute respiratory distress syndrome and episodes of thromboembolism that may lead to disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) represent the primary causes of lethality during COVID‑19 infection. Increasing evidence suggests that thrombotic diathesis is due to multiple derangements of the coagulation system including marked elevation of D‑dimer that correlate negatively with survival. We propose here that the thromboembolic events and eventually the development of DIC provoked by SARS‑CoV‑2 infection may represent a secondary anti‑phospholipid antibody syndrome (APS). We will apply both Baconian inductivism and Cartesian deductivism to prove that secondary APS is likely responsible for coagulopathy during the course of COVID‑19 infection. Diagnostic and therapeutic implications of this are also discussed.
DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2020.4659
PubMed: 32588061
PubMed Central: PMC7388827
Affiliations:
- Bulgarie, France, Israël, Italie, États-Unis
- Pays de la Loire, Pennsylvanie, Sofia-ville (oblast)
- Angers, Sofia
Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)
Le document en format XML
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Tchorbanov</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Bulgarie</country><wicri:regionArea>Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Sofia</settlement><region nuts="2">Sofia-ville (oblast)</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Giordano, Antonio" sort="Giordano, Antonio" uniqKey="Giordano A" first="Antonio" last="Giordano">Antonio Giordano</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Pennsylvanie</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fagone, Paolo" sort="Fagone, Paolo" uniqKey="Fagone P" first="Paolo" last="Fagone">Paolo Fagone</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, I-95123 Catania, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, I-95123 Catania</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>I-95123 Catania</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Belizna, Cristina" sort="Belizna, Cristina" uniqKey="Belizna C" first="Cristina" last="Belizna">Cristina Belizna</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Vascular and Coagulation Department, University Hospital Angers, 49000 Angers, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Vascular and Coagulation Department, University Hospital Angers, 49000 Angers</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region" nuts="2">Pays de la Loire</region><settlement type="city">Angers</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bramanti, Placido" sort="Bramanti, Placido" uniqKey="Bramanti P" first="Placido" last="Bramanti">Placido Bramanti</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>IRCCS Centro Neurolesi 'Bonino‑Pulejo', I-98124 Messina, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>IRCCS Centro Neurolesi 'Bonino‑Pulejo', I-98124 Messina</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>I-98124 Messina</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shoenfeld, Yehuda" sort="Shoenfeld, Yehuda" uniqKey="Shoenfeld Y" first="Yehuda" last="Shoenfeld">Yehuda Shoenfeld</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Affiliated to Tel‑Aviv University, Ramat Gan 5265601, Israel.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Israël</country><wicri:regionArea>Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Affiliated to Tel‑Aviv University, Ramat Gan 5265601</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Ramat Gan 5265601</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nicoletti, Ferdinando" sort="Nicoletti, Ferdinando" uniqKey="Nicoletti F" first="Ferdinando" last="Nicoletti">Ferdinando Nicoletti</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, I-95123 Catania, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, I-95123 Catania</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>I-95123 Catania</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">International journal of molecular medicine</title><idno type="eISSN">1791-244X</idno><imprint><date when="2020" type="published">2020</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Antiphospholipid Syndrome (immunology)</term><term>Antiphospholipid Syndrome (pathology)</term><term>Antiviral Agents (therapeutic use)</term><term>Betacoronavirus (MeSH)</term><term>Blood Coagulation (physiology)</term><term>Coronavirus Infections (drug therapy)</term><term>Coronavirus Infections (immunology)</term><term>Coronavirus Infections (pathology)</term><term>Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (immunology)</term><term>Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (pathology)</term><term>Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products (metabolism)</term><term>Humans (MeSH)</term><term>Pandemics (MeSH)</term><term>Phospholipids (immunology)</term><term>Pneumonia, Viral (drug therapy)</term><term>Pneumonia, Viral (immunology)</term><term>Pneumonia, Viral (pathology)</term><term>Thromboembolism (immunology)</term><term>Thromboembolism (pathology)</term><term>Thrombosis (pathology)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>Antiviraux (usage thérapeutique)</term><term>Betacoronavirus (MeSH)</term><term>Coagulation intravasculaire disséminée (anatomopathologie)</term><term>Coagulation intravasculaire disséminée (immunologie)</term><term>Coagulation sanguine (physiologie)</term><term>Humains (MeSH)</term><term>Infections à coronavirus (anatomopathologie)</term><term>Infections à coronavirus (immunologie)</term><term>Infections à coronavirus (traitement médicamenteux)</term><term>Pandémies (MeSH)</term><term>Phospholipides (immunologie)</term><term>Pneumopathie virale (anatomopathologie)</term><term>Pneumopathie virale (immunologie)</term><term>Pneumopathie virale (traitement médicamenteux)</term><term>Produits de dégradation de la fibrine et du fibrinogène (métabolisme)</term><term>Syndrome des anticorps antiphospholipides (anatomopathologie)</term><term>Syndrome des anticorps antiphospholipides (immunologie)</term><term>Thromboembolie (anatomopathologie)</term><term>Thromboembolie (immunologie)</term><term>Thrombose (anatomopathologie)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="immunology" xml:lang="en"><term>Phospholipids</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="metabolism" xml:lang="en"><term>Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="therapeutic use" xml:lang="en"><term>Antiviral Agents</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="anatomopathologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Coagulation intravasculaire disséminée</term><term>Infections à coronavirus</term><term>Pneumopathie virale</term><term>Syndrome des anticorps antiphospholipides</term><term>Thromboembolie</term><term>Thrombose</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="drug therapy" xml:lang="en"><term>Coronavirus Infections</term><term>Pneumonia, Viral</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="immunologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Coagulation intravasculaire disséminée</term><term>Infections à coronavirus</term><term>Phospholipides</term><term>Pneumopathie virale</term><term>Syndrome des anticorps antiphospholipides</term><term>Thromboembolie</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="immunology" xml:lang="en"><term>Antiphospholipid Syndrome</term><term>Coronavirus Infections</term><term>Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation</term><term>Pneumonia, Viral</term><term>Thromboembolism</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="métabolisme" xml:lang="fr"><term>Produits de dégradation de la fibrine et du fibrinogène</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="pathology" xml:lang="en"><term>Antiphospholipid Syndrome</term><term>Coronavirus Infections</term><term>Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation</term><term>Pneumonia, Viral</term><term>Thromboembolism</term><term>Thrombosis</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="physiologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Coagulation sanguine</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="physiology" xml:lang="en"><term>Blood Coagulation</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="traitement médicamenteux" xml:lang="fr"><term>Infections à coronavirus</term><term>Pneumopathie virale</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="usage thérapeutique" xml:lang="fr"><term>Antiviraux</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Betacoronavirus</term><term>Humans</term><term>Pandemics</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr"><term>Betacoronavirus</term><term>Humains</term><term>Pandémies</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‑CoV‑2) is a novel β coronavirus that is the etiological agent of the pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‑19) that at the time of writing (June 16, 2020) has infected almost 6 million people with some 450,000 deaths. These numbers are still rising daily. Most (some 80%) cases of COVID‑19 infection are asymptomatic, a substantial number of cases (15%) require hospitalization and an additional fraction of patients (5%) need recovery in intensive care units. Mortality for COVID‑19 infection appears to occur globally between 0.1 and 0.5% of infected patients although the frequency of lethality is significantly augmented in the elderly and in patients with other comorbidities. The development of acute respiratory distress syndrome and episodes of thromboembolism that may lead to disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) represent the primary causes of lethality during COVID‑19 infection. Increasing evidence suggests that thrombotic diathesis is due to multiple derangements of the coagulation system including marked elevation of D‑dimer that correlate negatively with survival. We propose here that the thromboembolic events and eventually the development of DIC provoked by SARS‑CoV‑2 infection may represent a secondary anti‑phospholipid antibody syndrome (APS). We will apply both Baconian inductivism and Cartesian deductivism to prove that secondary APS is likely responsible for coagulopathy during the course of COVID‑19 infection. Diagnostic and therapeutic implications of this are also discussed.</div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">32588061</PMID><DateCompleted><Year>2020</Year><Month>08</Month><Day>03</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2020</Year><Month>08</Month><Day>06</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print-Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1791-244X</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>46</Volume><Issue>3</Issue><PubDate><Year>2020</Year><Month>Sep</Month></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>International journal of molecular medicine</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Int. J. Mol. Med.</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Entangling COVID-19 associated thrombosis into a secondary antiphospholipid antibody syndrome: Diagnostic and therapeutic perspectives (Review).</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>903-912</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.3892/ijmm.2020.4659</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText>The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‑CoV‑2) is a novel β coronavirus that is the etiological agent of the pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‑19) that at the time of writing (June 16, 2020) has infected almost 6 million people with some 450,000 deaths. These numbers are still rising daily. Most (some 80%) cases of COVID‑19 infection are asymptomatic, a substantial number of cases (15%) require hospitalization and an additional fraction of patients (5%) need recovery in intensive care units. Mortality for COVID‑19 infection appears to occur globally between 0.1 and 0.5% of infected patients although the frequency of lethality is significantly augmented in the elderly and in patients with other comorbidities. The development of acute respiratory distress syndrome and episodes of thromboembolism that may lead to disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) represent the primary causes of lethality during COVID‑19 infection. Increasing evidence suggests that thrombotic diathesis is due to multiple derangements of the coagulation system including marked elevation of D‑dimer that correlate negatively with survival. We propose here that the thromboembolic events and eventually the development of DIC provoked by SARS‑CoV‑2 infection may represent a secondary anti‑phospholipid antibody syndrome (APS). We will apply both Baconian inductivism and Cartesian deductivism to prove that secondary APS is likely responsible for coagulopathy during the course of COVID‑19 infection. Diagnostic and therapeutic implications of this are also discussed.</AbstractText></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Cavalli</LastName><ForeName>Eugenio</ForeName><Initials>E</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, I-95123 Catania, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Bramanti</LastName><ForeName>Alessia</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>IRCCS Centro Neurolesi 'Bonino‑Pulejo', I-98124 Messina, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ciurleo</LastName><ForeName>Rosella</ForeName><Initials>R</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>IRCCS Centro Neurolesi 'Bonino‑Pulejo', I-98124 Messina, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Tchorbanov</LastName><ForeName>Andrey I</ForeName><Initials>AI</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Giordano</LastName><ForeName>Antonio</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Fagone</LastName><ForeName>Paolo</ForeName><Initials>P</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, I-95123 Catania, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Belizna</LastName><ForeName>Cristina</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Vascular and Coagulation Department, University Hospital Angers, 49000 Angers, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Bramanti</LastName><ForeName>Placido</ForeName><Initials>P</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>IRCCS Centro Neurolesi 'Bonino‑Pulejo', I-98124 Messina, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Shoenfeld</LastName><ForeName>Yehuda</ForeName><Initials>Y</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Affiliated to Tel‑Aviv University, Ramat Gan 5265601, Israel.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Nicoletti</LastName><ForeName>Ferdinando</ForeName><Initials>F</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, I-95123 Catania, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D016454">Review</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2020</Year><Month>06</Month><Day>25</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>Greece</Country><MedlineTA>Int J Mol Med</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>9810955</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>1107-3756</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><ChemicalList><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D000998">Antiviral Agents</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D005338">Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D010743">Phospholipids</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="C036309">fibrin fragment D</NameOfSubstance></Chemical></ChemicalList><SupplMeshList><SupplMeshName Type="Disease" UI="C000657245">COVID-19</SupplMeshName><SupplMeshName Type="Organism" UI="C000656484">severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2</SupplMeshName></SupplMeshList><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><MeshHeadingList><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D016736" MajorTopicYN="N">Antiphospholipid Syndrome</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000276" MajorTopicYN="N">immunology</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000473" MajorTopicYN="Y">pathology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000998" MajorTopicYN="N">Antiviral Agents</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000627" MajorTopicYN="N">therapeutic use</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000073640" MajorTopicYN="N">Betacoronavirus</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D001777" MajorTopicYN="N">Blood Coagulation</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000502" MajorTopicYN="N">physiology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D018352" MajorTopicYN="N">Coronavirus Infections</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000188" MajorTopicYN="N">drug therapy</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000276" MajorTopicYN="N">immunology</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000473" MajorTopicYN="Y">pathology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D004211" MajorTopicYN="N">Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000276" MajorTopicYN="N">immunology</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000473" MajorTopicYN="Y">pathology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D005338" MajorTopicYN="N">Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000378" MajorTopicYN="N">metabolism</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006801" MajorTopicYN="N">Humans</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D058873" MajorTopicYN="N">Pandemics</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D010743" MajorTopicYN="N">Phospholipids</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000276" MajorTopicYN="N">immunology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D011024" MajorTopicYN="N">Pneumonia, Viral</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000188" MajorTopicYN="N">drug therapy</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000276" MajorTopicYN="N">immunology</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000473" MajorTopicYN="Y">pathology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D013923" MajorTopicYN="N">Thromboembolism</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000276" MajorTopicYN="N">immunology</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000473" MajorTopicYN="Y">pathology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D013927" MajorTopicYN="N">Thrombosis</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000473" MajorTopicYN="Y">pathology</QualifierName></MeshHeading></MeshHeadingList></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="received"><Year>2020</Year><Month>06</Month><Day>17</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate 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Paolo" uniqKey="Fagone P" first="Paolo" last="Fagone">Paolo Fagone</name><name sortKey="Nicoletti, Ferdinando" sort="Nicoletti, Ferdinando" uniqKey="Nicoletti F" first="Ferdinando" last="Nicoletti">Ferdinando Nicoletti</name></country><country name="Bulgarie"><region name="Sofia-ville (oblast)"><name sortKey="Tchorbanov, Andrey I" sort="Tchorbanov, Andrey I" uniqKey="Tchorbanov A" first="Andrey I" last="Tchorbanov">Andrey I. Tchorbanov</name></region></country><country name="États-Unis"><region name="Pennsylvanie"><name sortKey="Giordano, Antonio" sort="Giordano, Antonio" uniqKey="Giordano A" first="Antonio" last="Giordano">Antonio Giordano</name></region></country><country name="France"><region name="Pays de la Loire"><name sortKey="Belizna, Cristina" sort="Belizna, Cristina" uniqKey="Belizna C" first="Cristina" last="Belizna">Cristina Belizna</name></region></country><country name="Israël"><noRegion><name sortKey="Shoenfeld, Yehuda" sort="Shoenfeld, Yehuda" uniqKey="Shoenfeld Y" first="Yehuda" last="Shoenfeld">Yehuda Shoenfeld</name></noRegion></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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